[jamsat-news:3253] [ans] ANS-341 AMSAT News Service Weekly Bulletins
Joseph Spier
wao ＠ vfr.net
2014年 12月 7日 (日) 16:28:52 JST
AMSAT NEWS SERVICE
ANS-341
The AMSAT News Service bulletins are a free, weekly news and infor-
mation service of AMSAT North America, The Radio Amateur Satellite
Corporation. ANS publishes news related to Amateur Radio in Space
including reports on the activities of a worldwide group of Amateur
Radio operators who share an active interest in designing, building,
launching and communicating through analog and digital Amateur Radio
satellites.
The news feed on http://www.amsat.org publishes news of Amateur
Radio in Space as soon as our volunteers can post it.
Please send any amateur satellite news or reports to:
ans-editor at amsat.org.
In this edition:
* AMSAT Board Approves Technology Development Seed Funding
* November/December AMSAT Journal is Ready
* AMSAT SKN ON OSCAR 2015
* ARISS Discusses Ham TV, Elects New International Officers
* Amateur radio spacecraft received over 1 million km from Earth
* Japanese Satellites Carrying Amateur Radio Payloads are Launched
into Deep Space
* HAMSAT II – Dhruva Space and AMSAT India
* SpinSat Now in Orbit
* Surrey Space Centre SME-SAT
* AMSAT Events
* Call for Proposals ARISS Contact Opportunity
* ARISS News
* Satellite Shorts From All Over
SB SAT @ AMSAT $ANS-341.01
ANS-341 AMSAT News Service Weekly Bulletins
AMSAT News Service Bulletin 341.01
>From AMSAT HQ KENSINGTON, MD.
DATE December 7, 2014
To All RADIO AMATEURS
BID: $ANS-341.01
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AMSAT Board Approves Technology Development Seed Funding
The AMSAT Board of Directors met on December 2, 2014. As a part of
AMSAT's "Design The Next AMSAT Satellite" challenge, the Board of
Directors approved $5000, within the 2015 engineering budget, to be
used as seed money for future satellite development. Additional fund
raising sources will also be investigated and pursued.
AMSAT President Barry Baines, WD4ASW, said, "We're prepared to
return to space starting in 2015 with a fleet of satellites that will
equal, if not exceed, the performance, and availability to the
average ham, of our previously popular AMSAT OSCAR 51. Meanwhile, we
are preparing for the future looking to potentially leverage new
technologies, to provide the best opportunities for enhancing amateur
radio's presence in space."
Director Tom Clark, K3IO, noted the need for a defined future systems
program. Tom said, "We saw a significant number of both new and old
members who want to see the development of critical system elements
for future opportunities by 2018-20. As I see it, critical 'tall
poles' in applying potential technologies require significant work to
begin now to ensure success."
AMSAT is interested in supporting technology ideas that enhance the
utility of using the CubeSat form factor to support more robust
amateur satellite capabilities. The scope of potential interest in
not limited; some examples of technology enhancement might include:
+ Microwave technology suitable for use in amateur spacecraft. This
includes the need to identify optimum frequency bands.
+ Complementary, low-cost ground systems, including an effective ~1º
antenna pointing system.
+ Define and develop optimum coding and modulation schemes for low
power microwave use.
+ Attitude determination & control systems to point the spacecraft
antennas towards the user while maximizing solar panel production.
Individuals interested in learning more about this initiative should
contact AMSAT Vice President-Engineering Jerry Buxton, N0JY (n0jy at
amsat.org).
Meanwhile, the development of AMSAT's current series of the Fox-1
cubesats continues on schedule. AMSAT Vice-President of Engineering,
Jerry Buxton, N0JY reported during the Board meeting that
construction and testing of five Fox satellites is on schedule:
+ Fox-1A will launch on a NASA ELaNa flight during the 3rd quarter
of 2015 from Vandenberg AFB,
+ Fox-1B will fly with the Vanderbilt University radiation
experiments expected in 2016.
+ Fox-1C will launch on Spaceflight's maiden mission of the
SHERPA multi-cubesat deployer during the 3rd quarter of 2015.
This flight was purchased by AMSAT.
+ Fox-1D is a flight spare for Fox-1C. If not needed as a spare
it will become available to launch on any open launch slot which
becomes available and be submitted in a CSLI proposal in 2015.
+ Fox-1E is built as a flight spare for Fox-1B but has been
included in a student science proposal as part of the November,
2014 Cubesat Launch Initiative (CSLI) for an ELaNa flight slot.
If selected the Fox-1B spare will fly as Fox-1E.
More details of the "Design The Next AMSAT Satellite" challenge can
be found on-line at:
http://www.amsat.org/?p=3395
- and - in the November/December 2014 AMSAT Journal, currently in-
transit to your QTH.
[ANS thanks the AMSAT Board Of Directors for the above information]
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November/December AMSAT Journal is Ready
The November/December 2014 AMSAT Journal is completed and has been
sent to the print shop.
The contents of this issue include:
+ AMSAT Announcements
+ Apogee View
+ November 15 - 40th Anniversary of AO-7 Launch
+ A Checklist to Design The Next AMSAT Satellite!
Jerry Buxton, N0JY
+ AMSAT Engineering Update
Jerry Buxton, N0JY
+ Satrack - Doppler and AZ/EL Control Software
Pedro Converso, LU7ABF
+ Operating FO-29 from CN73
Lee (Doc) Ernstrom, WA7HQD
+ Taking Part in the ARISS Project on a $500 Budget
Dr. Michael Butler, MA, MSc, PhD, G4OCR
+ How to Get Your AMSAT Challenge Coin
+ AMSAT Field Operations Report
Patrick Stoddard, WD9EWK
+ ARISS 2014: A Program in Transition
Frank Bauer, KA3HDO, et al
+ An Eyeball QSO in India
Burns Fisher W2BFJ
Thanks to all who contributed!
[ANS thanks the AMSAT Journal for the above information]
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AMSAT SKN ON OSCAR 2015
You are cordially invited to participate in Straight Key Night on
OSCAR 2015, sponsored by AMSAT for radio amateurs throughout the
world.
This year's event is being held in memory of Captain Charles Dorian,
W3JPT, who passed away in 2014, aged 92. Chuck, who had held many
senior positions in the U.S. Coast Guard, was one of AMSAT's earliest
members and served as secretary of the Board of Directors.
Participation in AMSAT SKN on OSCAR is easy and fun. Just operate
CW, using a straight key or non-electronic "bug," through any
amateur satellite between 0000 and 2400 UTC on January 1, 2015.
There is no need to send in a log, but all participants are asked to
nominate someone they worked for "Best Fist." Your nominee need not
have the best fist of those you heard, only of those you worked.
Send your nomination to w2rs ＠ amsat.org. A list of "Best Fist"
nominees will be published in early February.
[ANS thanks Ray, W2RS for the above information]
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ARISS Discusses Ham TV, Elects New International Officers
Amateur Radio on the International Space Station (ARISS) is
continuing explore the possibility of establishing a network of
ground stations to enable the use of the Ham TV video system during
ARISS school contacts. Mark Steiner, K3MS, updated the ARISS
International team on the topic during its November meeting,
conducted by teleconference. Kerry Banke, N6IZW, who works on ARISS
hardware issues, reported that a document under development will
describe just what is required to build a ground station. He and
ARISS International Project Selection & Use Committee representative
Lou McFadin, W5DID, have successfully received Ham TV transmissions.
ARISS-EU President Gaston Bertels, ON4WF, has been working with
European Space Agency (ESA) management to finalize the agreement that
transfers custody of the Ham Video transmitter from ESA to ARISS.
Steiner told the teleconference that more “blank” test transmissions
could take place, once the custodial agreement is finalized.
NASA Astronaut Mike Hopkins, KF5LJG, successfully installed and
commissioned the ARISS) Ham Video system last March. The system can
transmit video of the crew and the interior of the Columbus module on
the 2.4 GHz band (S-band). Last April, Japanese Astronaut Koichi
Wakata, KC5ZTA, served as the host for a successful final
commissioning pass for the Ham Video transmitter and camera. The
ARISS project, led initially by ARISS-EU, AMSAT-Italy, and ESA, would
enhance ARISS school contacts by providing a video and audio
downlink, plus an audio-only uplink.
Operating under the call sign OR4ISS, the S-band transmitter can be
connected to one of two ARISS patch antennas on Columbus. Radiated RF
power is on the order of 10 W EIRP. The commissioning process
primarily involved making sure that ground stations in Europe would
be able to copy the DTV downlink signal. Commissioning of the overall
“Ham TV” system culminated more than a decade of planning and
preparation.
During the November 18 teleconference ARISS International delegates
re-elected the current slate of officers for new 2-year terms
starting on January 1, 2015. The incumbents are ARISS Chair Frank
Bauer, KA3HDO; ARISS Vice-Chair Oliver Amend, DG6BCE, and ARISS
Secretary-Treasurer Rosalie White, K1STO. In keeping with tradition,
Canada’s ARISS delegate Ian MacFarquhar, VE9IM, handled the election
logistics.
[ANS thanks ARISS, ARRL, & AMSAT-UK for the above information]
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Amateur radio spacecraft received over 1 million km from Earth
Michal Zawada SQ5KTM received signals from the ARTSAT2:DESPATCH and
Shin’en2 spacecraft on Friday evening, December 5 at a distance of
around 1,100,000 km from Earth.
Ham radio spacecraft launched into deep space
http://amsat-uk.org/2014/12/03/ham-radio-spacecraft-launched-into-
deep-space/
[ANS thanks AMSAT-UK for the above information]
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Japanese Satellites Carrying Amateur Radio Payloads are Launched into
Deep Space
This week, Japan successfully launched its Hayabusa 2 asteroid
sample-return mission into deep space, and with it, two satellites
carrying Amateur Radio payloads. A Japan Aerospace Exploration
Agency (JAXA) rocket lifted off on schedule early on December 3
(UTC), carrying the Hayabusa 2 spacecraft on the first leg of its
journey to Asteroid 1999 JU3. Along for the ride into deep space are
two Amateur Radio satellites, Shin'en 2 (Abyss 2) and ARTSAT2:
DESPATCH. The launch had been postponed twice owing to unfavorable
weather conditions. Shin'en 2 will identify as JG6YIG, while
ARTSAT2:DESPATCH will use the call sign JQ1ZNN.
Shin'en2 carries a 0.1 W CW beacon on 437.505 MHz and telemetry on
437.385 MHz (0.8 W) using a mode similar to WSJT. It will also carry
a F1D digital store-and-forward transponder with an uplink of 145.942
MHz and a downlink at 435.270 MHz (0.4 W), but not the Amateur Radio
Mode J linear transponder announced earlier. The data format is
posted on the Kagoshima University website.
A linear SSB/CW transponder had been part of the initial design,
but, according to Hideo Kambayashi, JH3XCU, that had to be abandoned
because of regulatory issues. The digital transponder will offer
earthbound hams an opportunity to test the limits of their
communication capabilities, however. The project also is hoping to
gather listener reports.
ARTSAT2:DESPATCH carries a 7 W CW transmitter on 437.325 MHz.
Onboard will be the first sculpture ever to be carried into deep
space. The ARTSAT2: DESPATCH mission is seeking "exceptionally
skilled ham operators" as part of its "cooperative diversity
communication" experiment. This effort will attempt to intercept
signals from the spacecraft not only at the ground station in Tokyo,
but at Amateur Radio stations around the world, "in order to
reconstruct the original data from the spacecraft."
"Reception of such weak signals to reconstruct data from the
spacecraft will require the expertise of exceptionally skilled ham
operators," the satellite's developers explained.
The two spacecraft will have an elliptical orbit around the Sun and
travel to a deep space orbit between Venus and Mars. With an orbital
inclination of nearly zero, the spacecraft should stay in Earth's
equatorial plane. The distance from the Sun will be between
approximately 6.5 million and 12 million miles.
[ANS thanks ARRL and AMSAT-UK for the above information]
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HAMSAT II – Dhruva Space and AMSAT India
The Economic Times report Dhruva Space, a two-year-old start-up co-
founded by space technologist and ham radio operator Sanjay Nekkanti
VU3ISS/AB3OE, sealed a deal with AMSAT India on November 30, 2014 to
develop HAMSAT II. VUsat-OSCAR-52_HAMSAT
It will be the successor to HAMSAT VO-52 which went silent on July
11, 2014 due to the failure of the on-board lithium ion batteries.
HAMSAT provided a valuable communications resource for the amateur
radio community for over 9 years.
Dhruva’s satellites are expected to be launched on ISRO’s workhorse
Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV). Nekkanti said his team is
working closely with the space organization for design approvals and
testing of the satellite.
The AMSAT India Secretary Nitin Muttin, VU3TYG has released this
statement:
We are pleased to announce that AMSAT India and Dhruva Space Pvt.
Ltd. have signed a Memorandum of Understanding on November 30th 2014
to pursue the development of a follow up mission to HAMSAT launched
in 2005 on-board the PSLV-C6. HAMSAT II is envisioned to fill the gap
created by the recent end of life of HAMSAT and shall continue
servicing the societal needs in disaster management,
amateur/emergency radio communications and education.
Some of the contemplated payloads for HAMSAT II include:
* U/V Analog FM Transponder
* U/V Linear Transponder, 50 kHz
* APRS Digipeater
* Digitalker
Read The Economic Times article at
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/45354501.cms
AMSAT India
http://amsatindia.org/
[ANS thanks Dinesh, AB3DC and AMSAT-UK for the above information]
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SpinSat Now in Orbit
The US Naval Research Laboratory SpinSat satellite was successfully
deployed from the International Space Station on November 28. SpinSat
arrived at the ISS on September 21 via the SpaceX Falcon 9 resupply
vehicle. For the next few days, SpinSat's orbit will approximate that
of the ISS. The ISS real-time tracker on the ISS Fan Club website can
show when the spacecraft are within range.
The 125-pound SpinSat, a 22- inch diameter sphere, carries a 2 W
9600 bps AX.25 packet radio store-and-forward system on 437.230 MHz.
The satellite's primary mission is to demonstrate a new micro-
thruster technology, from which SpinSat derives its name; its 12
electronically controlled solid-propellant thrusters will be fired in
pairs to spin the spacecraft.
Equipped only with primary batteries and just 4.8 grams of fuel, the
satellite's working phase is expected to last up to 6 months
[ANS thanks ARRL and AMSAT-UK for the above information]
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Surrey Space Centre SME-SAT
The Surrey Space Centre (SSC) are developing a 3U CubeSat SME-SAT
expected to launch into a 550-620 km orbit using the ISIPOD CubeSat
deployer.
The mission objectives are:
A: Outreach – The satellite will provide beacons for which amateur
satellite users and ham radio users will be able to receive.
B: Space qualification and performance characterisation of sensors.
* High performance COTS Gyroscopes (x3).
* High precision MEMS accelerometers.
* Aperture Star Camera, At a later point in the mission these will
be used in conjunction with the ADCS to characterise the closed loop
performance of the sensors.
C: Performance characterisation of Nano-Control Moment Gyros (CMGs)
for agility. The mission is equipped with 4-Nano-CMGs in a pyramid
configuration for ADCS. This part of the mission will evaluate the
performance of this system on the ADCS and agility of the satellite.
D: Space qualification and performance characterisation of the EPS
The EPS for this mission has heritage from the Delfi-C3 and other
missions and includes additional improvements to be demonstrated on
this mission.
E: Smart Thermal Radiation Devices (STRD tiles) SME-SAT is equipped
with a number of STRD tiles on the outside faces of the satellite for
passive thermal management of the internal structure.
F: Flux Gate Magnetometer The mission contains a scientific grade
miniaturized flux gate magnetometer that sits on the end of a
deployable boom to improve the performance of the sensor. This
payload will be switched into the ADCS for evaluation of performance
during parts of the mission but is not the primary magnetometer for
ADCS.
G: GPS SME-SAT also contains an experimental GPS system that will be
switched into the ADCS loop at stages in the orbit to evaluate the
performance of the system.
Planning a 9k6 RC-BPSK UHF downlink using AX25.
Further information at
http://www.surrey.ac.uk/ssc/research/space_vehicle_control/smesat/
index.htm
IARU Satellite Frequency Coordination
http://www.amsat.org.uk/iaru
[ANS thanks AMSAT-UK for the above information]
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AMSAT Events
Information about AMSAT activities at other important events around
the country. Examples of these events are radio club meetings where
AMSAT Area Coordinators give presentations, demonstrations of working
amateur satellites, and hamfests with an AMSAT presence (a table with
AMSAT literature and merchandise, sometimes also with presentations,
forums, and/or demonstrations).
* Friday and Saturday, 11-12 December 2014 – Tampa Bay Hamfest in
Plant City FL (Agricultural Show Center)
* Sunday, 4 January 2015 – Ham Radio University in Bethpage NY
(Briarcliffe College)
* Saturday, 10 January 2015 – Thunderbird Hamfest 2015 in Phoenix AZ
(43rd Avenue, between Greenway and Bell Roads)
* Saturday, 14 February 2015 – Greater Los Angeles Mensa Regional
Gathering 2015 in Los Angeles CA (Concourse Hotel at Los Angeles
International Airport) – satellite- and AMSAT-related presentation
* Friday and Saturday, 20-21 February 2015 – Yuma Hamfest in Yuma AZ
(Yuma County Fairgrounds, 32nd Street between Pacific Avenue & Avenue
3E, south of I-8 exit 3)
* Saturday TBD in mid-March 2015 – Scottsdale Amateur Radio Club
Hamfest in Scottsdale AZ
* Saturday, 28 March 2015 – Tucson Spring Hamfest in Tucson AZ (22nd
Street, east of Columbus Blvd.)
* Saturday TBD in early May 2015 – Cochise Amateur Radio Association
Hamfest in Sierra Vista AZ
* Saturday TBD in early June 2015 – White Mountain Hamfest in Show
Low AZ
[ANS thanks AMSAT-NA for the above information]
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Call for Proposals ARISS Contact Opportunity
Proposal Window October 17 to December 15, 2014.
The Amateur Radio on the International Space Station (ARISS) Program
is seeking formal and informal education institutions and
organizations, individually or working together, to host an Amateur
Radio contact with a crew member on board the ISS. ARISS anticipates
that the contact would be held between May 1, 2015 and December 31,
2015. Crew scheduling and ISS orbits will determine the exact contact
dates. To maximize these radio contact opportunities, ARISS is
looking for organizations that will draw large numbers of
participants and integrate the contact into a well-developed
education plan.
The deadline to submit a proposal is December 15, 2014. Proposal
information and documents can be found at
www.arrl.org/hosting-an-ariss-contact.
The Opportunity
Crew members aboard the International Space Station will participate
in scheduled Amateur Radio contacts. These radio contacts are
approximately 10 minutes in length and allow students and educators
to interact with the astronauts through a question-and-answer session.
An ARISS contact is a voice-only communication opportunity via
Amateur Radio between astronauts and cosmonauts aboard the space
station and classrooms and communities. ARISS contacts afford
education audiences the opportunity to learn firsthand from
astronauts what it is like to live and work in space and to learn
about space research conducted on the ISS. Students also will have an
opportunity to learn about satellite communication, wireless
technology, and radio science. Because of the nature of human
spaceflight and the complexity of scheduling activities aboard the
ISS, organizations must demonstrate flexibility to accommodate
changes in contact dates and times.
Amateur Radio organizations around the world, NASA, and space
agencies in Russia, Canada, Japan and Europe sponsor this educational
opportunity by providing the equipment and operational support to
enable direct communication between crew on the ISS and students
around the world via Amateur Radio. In the US, the program is managed
by AMSAT (Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation) and ARRL (American
Radio Relay League) in partnership with NASA.
More Information
Interested parties can find more information about the program at
www.ariss.org and www.arrl.org/ARISS.
For proposal information and more details such as expectations,
proposal guidelines and proposal form, and dates and times of
Information Sessions go to
http://www.arrl.org/hosting-an-ariss-contact.
Please direct any questions to ariss ＠ arrl.org.
[ANS thanks ARISS, AMSAT-Edu, and the ARRL for the above information]
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ARISS News
Upcoming Contacts
* From 2014-11-10 to 2014-12-07, there will be no US Operational
Segment (USOS) hams on board ISS. So any schools contacts during
this period will be conducted by the ARISS Russia team.
[ANS thanks ARISS, Gaston, ON4WF and Charlie, AJ9N for the above
information]
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Satellite Shorts From All Over
COSMOS-2491 RS-46
Dmitry Pashkov R4UAB reports that the COSMOS-2491 satellite carries
RS-46 operating on 435.465 MHz and 435.565 MHz (+/- Doppler).
The satellite was launched on December 25, 2013 and is in a 1,515.8
km by 1,489.1 km 82.5 degree inclination orbit.
Track COSMOS-2491 / RS-46 at
http://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=39497
Listen for RS-46 online with the SUWS WebSDR located near London
http://amsat-uk.org/2014/08/15/suws-websdr-moves-to-new-site/
COSMOS-2499 Callsign RS-47!
COSMOS-2499 (2014-028E) was launched on May 23, 2014 and is now in a
1,510.6 km by 1,158.8 km 82.4 degree orbit. Dmitry Pashkov R4UAB has
received signals from the satellite on approximately 435.465 MHz and
435.565 MHz (+/- Doppler). On November 30 the satellite started
identifying itself in Morse code on 435.465 MHz as RS-47.
There has been some mystery concerning the purpose of COSMOS-2499.
In a post updated November 20, 2014 Anatoly Zak @RussianSpaceWeb
wrote: Ground observations indicated that the mystery satellite had
not exceeded 0.3 meters in size. Previously, two Rockot launches
with trios of Rodnik/Strela-3M launches also carried Yubileiny
(a.k.a. MiR) experimental satellites with a reported mass from 48 to
100 kilograms. As with the previous launch, observers were at a
complete loss about the possible purpose of the satellite.
Cosmos-2499 has made a number or orbital changes since it was first
launched. For further information see
http://www.russianspaceweb.com/Cosmos-2499.html
Track COSMOS-2499 / RS-47 at
http://www.n2yo.com/?s=39765
Listen for RS-47 online with the SUWS WebSDR located near London
http://amsat-uk.org/2014/08/15/suws-websdr-moves-to-new-site/
RS-47 Telemetry data
http://www.dk3wn.info/p/?p=52752
Dmitry Pashkov R4UAB describes receiving the 435.465 MHz and 435.565
MHz signals at
http://tinyurl.com/R4UAB-COSMOS-2499
[ANS thanks Dmitry Pashkov R4UAB and AMSAT-UK for the above
information]
Job Opportunity: Quantum CubeSat Electronics and Software Engineer
The Centre for Quantum Technologies (CQT) at the National University
of Singapore (NUS) is looking for a talented and motivated engineer
with electronics and software expertise to join a young and dynamic
team developing science-grade cubesats to host state-of-the-art,
quantum communications experiments.
The successful candidate will be responsible for the electronics and
software of the satellite platform and will be engaged in the
complete cycle of satellite development from PDR, to operation of
satellites in space. They will work with the team to:
Specify and integrate spacecraft subsystems from our contracted
cubesat company.
Develop software to run the experiments and downlink the data
via an s-band network.
Perform extremely rigorous on-the-ground testing and
verification of the satellite and its payload.
Assist with electronics and software related issues with the
satellite and the payload as they arise.
They will need to be comfortable in a small-team academic
environment, flexible to changing priorities and requirements, and
they will need to develop a good understanding and appreciation of
the science payload and its working so as to best fulfill their duties.
A proven track-record in developing successful, optimized,
electronics and software for control of experiments and
instrumentation in space or similar harsh environments is required.
Previous experience with the space industry, space hardware and/or
cubesats is very desirable but all cubesat-specific technical
training can be provided on-the-job by an internationally successful
cubesat company.
For an overview article on the project see:
http://www.quantumlah.org/media/story/2012_OPN_Alexfeature.pdf
Both Singaporeans and international applicants are encouraged to
apply. NUS is a globally ranked university and Singapore is a clean,
vibrant, multicultural English-speaking country with very high
standards of living. Salary is based on experience and skills but
will be internationally competitive.
Interested candidates should send a CV and cover letter to
cqtrb ＠ nus.edu.sg and
cqtalej ＠ nus.edu.sg
[ANS thanks CubeSat.org mailing list for the above information]
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/EX
In addition to regular membership, AMSAT offers membership in the
President's Club. Members of the President's Club, as sustaining
donors to AMSAT Project Funds, will be eligible to receive addi-
tional benefits. Application forms are available from the AMSAT
Office.
Primary and secondary school students are eligible for membership
at one-half the standard yearly rate. Post-secondary school students
enrolled in at least half time status shall be eligible for the stu-
dent rate for a maximum of 6 post-secondary years in this status.
Contact Martha at the AMSAT Office for additional student membership
information.
73,
This week's ANS Editor,
Joe Spier, K6WAO
k6wao at amsat dot org
_______________________________________________
Via the ANS mailing list courtesy of AMSAT-NA
http://amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/ans
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