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<div class="WordSection1">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;tab-stops:list .5in">
<b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold">In this weeks issue:<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;tab-stops:list .5in">
<font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<ul style="margin-top:0in" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l5 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list .5in"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">AMSAT AO-7 to Celebrate 50th Anniversary<o:p></o:p></span></font></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l5 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list .5in"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">AMSAT 42nd Space Symposium Presentations Now Available<o:p></o:p></span></font></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l5 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list .5in"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Back to Basics: What is the CubeSat Launch Initiative?<o:p></o:p></span></font></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l5 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list .5in"><span class="SpellE"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">VUCC</span></font></span> Satellite Standing for November 2024<o:p></o:p></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l5 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list .5in"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">FO-29 November Operating Schedule<o:p></o:p></span></font></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l5 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list .5in"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Telemetry Reports Wanted for Upcoming
<span class="SpellE">ASRTU</span>-1 Satellite Launch<o:p></o:p></span></font></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l5 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list .5in"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Voyager 1 Resorts to Transmitter that Hasn't Been Used Since 1981<o:p></o:p></span></font></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l5 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list .5in"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Changes to AMSAT TLE Distribution for November 1, 2024<o:p></o:p></span></font></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l5 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list .5in"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">ARISS News<o:p></o:p></span></font></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l5 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list .5in"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Upcoming Satellite Operations<o:p></o:p></span></font></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l5 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list .5in"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">AMSAT Ambassador Activities<o:p></o:p></span></font></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l5 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list .5in"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Satellite Shorts From All Over<o:p></o:p></span></font></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">The AMSAT News Service bulletins are a free, weekly news and information service of AMSAT, the Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation. ANS publishes news related to Amateur Radio in
Space including reports on the activities of a worldwide group of Amateur Radio operators who share an active interest in designing, building, launching and communicating through analog and digital Amateur Radio satellites.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">The news feed on
<a href="http://www.amsat.org">http://www.amsat.org</a> publishes news of Amateur Radio in Space as soon as our volunteers can post it.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold">Please send any amateur satellite news or reports to: ans-editor [at] amsat [dot] org</span></font></b>.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">You can sign up for free e-mail delivery of the AMSAT News Service Bulletins via the ANS List; to join this list see:
<a href="https://mailman.amsat.org/postorius/lists/ans.amsat.org/">https://mailman.amsat.org/postorius/lists/ans.amsat.org/</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">ANS-308 AMSAT News Service Weekly Bulletins<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">To: All RADIO AMATEURS<br>
From: Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation<br>
712 H Street NE, Suite 1653<br>
Washington, DC 20002<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">DATE 2024 Nov 03<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="4" color="#215f9a" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#215F9A;font-weight:bold">AMSAT AO-7 to Celebrate 50th Anniversary<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">It has often been reported that the oldest satellites still working in space are the space probes Voyager 1 and Voyager 2. The Voyagers were both launched in 1977 to take advantage
of the planetary alignment called, back then, the “Grand Tour”. Their images changed the human vision of our solar system.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Aptos;mso-fareast-font-family:Aptos;mso-hansi-font-family:Aptos;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-ligatures:none;mso-no-proof:yes"><img border="0" width="300" height="169" id="Picture_x0020_20" src="cid:image001.jpg@01DB2D34.86D00290"></span></font><font size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Aptos;mso-fareast-font-family:Aptos;mso-hansi-font-family:Aptos;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">But, are they really the oldest, still functional spacecraft in outer space? What if we include spacecraft that remained behind in Earth Orbit? Is it even believable that the oldest
still working satellite in space wasn’t even designed or operated by NASA, USAF, ESA or any other space agency? What if this satellite was designed by Radio Amateurs and the final assembly occurred in a basement laboratory not far from Goddard Space Flight
Center?<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Then all things considered, AO-7, a SmallSat launched on November 15, 1974 is the oldest working satellite and is still providing service to hundreds of Amateur Radio operators
around the world. In its first life, AO-7 lived a very healthy lifetime of 6.5 years. Not to over-state the case, AO-7 outlived both its commercial and government co-passengers launched by Delta-104.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">In late 1980, AO-7’s poor, abused, NiCad battery began to show serious signs of increased series resistance. This was a sure sign to AMSAT command stations that the end was in sight.
The cells had been originally matched for capacity by NASA. And, indeed the cells all failed within a matter of weeks of one another.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">AO-7 stayed asleep for 21 years, to the nearest month. Then one day AO-7 woke up again. This was only possible if something caused an open circuit in the battery.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">A very active user of AO-7, Pat
<span class="SpellE">Gowain</span>, <span class="SpellE">G3IOR</span>, from the UK, made a telephone call to Perry Klein,
<span class="SpellE">W3PK</span>, (first AMSAT President and designer of the VHF/HF transponder). This was on June 21, 2002. Pat wondered if we had launched a new LEO spacecraft? He was hearing Morse Code Telemetry again on the old beacon frequency of AO-7.
He played Perry a tape recording. It sure sounded like AO-7 telemetry!<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Many radio amateurs who were satellite enthusiasts very quickly began to observe the signals from AO-7 and the second life of the "Sleeping Beauty" of satellites began.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Over the next three weeks in November AMSAT News Service will honor this historic achievement with a series of short articles highlighting the life of AMSAT OSCAR 7. In the meantime
be sure to visit a special page on the AMSAT website where you will find a collection of AO-7 articles and links at
<a href="https://www.amsat.org/amsat-ao-7-a-fifty-year-anniversary/">https://www.amsat.org/amsat-ao-7-a-fifty-year-anniversary/</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">[ANS thanks Jan King, W3GEY, AMSAT AO-7 Project Manager for the above information.]<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
<hr size="0" width="100%" align="center">
</span></font></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold">The 2024 AMSAT President’s Club coins are here now!<br>
Help Support GOLF and Fox Plus</span></font></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-ligatures:none;mso-no-proof:yes"><img border="0" width="300" height="148" id="Picture_x0020_19" src="cid:image002.jpg@01DB2D34.86D00290"></span></font><font size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold">Join the AMSAT President's Club today and help<br>
Keep Amateur Radio in Space!</span></font></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><a href="https://www.amsat.org/join-the-amsat-presidents-club/">https://www.amsat.org/join-the-amsat-presidents-club/</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
<hr size="0" width="100%" align="center">
</span></font></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="4" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:16.0pt;font-weight:bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="4" color="#215f9a" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:16.0pt;color:#215F9A;font-weight:bold">AMSAT 42nd Space Symposium Presentations Now Available<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">The fifteen live presentations given at the recent AMSAT 42nd Space Symposium are now available online for viewing. The URL's for presentations on Day 1 and Day 2 are shown along
with the approximate timeline for each presentation.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-ligatures:none;mso-no-proof:yes"><img border="0" width="300" height="225" id="Picture_x0020_18" src="cid:image003.jpg@01DB2D34.86D00290"></span></font><font size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Also available is the Symposium Banquet keynote address by Brian Abbott,
<span class="SpellE">NA7D</span>, and the AMSAT General Meeting conducted by AMSAT President Robert Bankston,
<span class="SpellE">KE4AL</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold">Day 1</span></font></b><br>
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YdhYXX9AXlI">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YdhYXX9AXlI</a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">AMSAT-UK Payload on Jovian-1 CubeSat<br>
David Bowman, <span class="SpellE">G0MRF</span><br>
0:00:58<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">CARD-SAT®: A Step Forward for Satellite Miniaturization<br>
Adrian <span class="SpellE">Totu</span>, <span class="SpellE">YO3HOT</span><br>
0:58:15<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Working QO-100 from Beyond the Nominal Footprint<br>
Graham <span class="SpellE">Shirville</span>, <span class="SpellE">G3VZV</span><br>
1:18:55<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">AMSAT & ARISS Over the Past 40 Years<br>
Frank Bauer, <span class="SpellE">KA3HDO</span><br>
2:01:20<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">MO-122 (<span class="SpellE">MESAT1</span>) Commissioning Recap<br>
Mark Hammond, <span class="SpellE">N8MH</span><br>
2:35:05<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">AMSAT-HB Update<br>
Michael Lipp, <span class="SpellE">HB9WD</span><br>
3:08:05<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Fox Plus Update<br>
Mike Moore, <span class="SpellE">K4MVM</span><br>
3:24:45<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold">Day 2</span></font></b><br>
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G64Zm7rEmi0">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G64Zm7rEmi0</a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">AMSAT CubeSatSim Education Update and Software Overview<br>
Alan Johnston, KU2Y<br>
0:00:48<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Integration of the AMSAT CubeSat Simulator for Education and Research<br>
Rachel Jones, <span class="SpellE">KO4HLC</span><br>
0:44:00<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">ARISS Engineering Update – ISS, Lunar, and Commercial Activities<br>
Randy Berger, <span class="SpellE">WA0D</span><br>
1:47:00<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Automation and Remote Control of the Inter-Operable Radio System (<span class="SpellE">IORS</span>) on the ISS<br>
Chris Thompson, <span class="SpellE">VE2TCP</span>/<span class="SpellE">G0KLA</span><br>
2:51:56<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Getting Ready to Receive
<span class="SpellE">HamTV</span> from the ISS<br>
Graham <span class="SpellE">Shirville</span>, <span class="SpellE">G3VZV</span><br>
3:36:00<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">GOLF-TEE Flight Software and Bus Overview<br>
Burns Fisher, WB1FJ<br>
4:22:55<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Determination of Orbiting Spacecraft Space Vectors Solely from In-flight Position Measurements<br>
Joseph <span class="SpellE">DiVerdi</span>, <span class="SpellE">K0NMR</span><br>
5:20:00<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">AMSAT Engineering Update<br>
Jerry Buxton, <span class="SpellE">N0JY</span><br>
6:02:00<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">AMSAT Annual General Meeting & Awards Ceremony<br>
Robert Bankston, <span class="SpellE">KE4AK</span>, AMSAT President<br>
7:15:30<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold">Banquet Keynote</span></font></b><br>
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gb-pQmr97KA">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gb-pQmr97KA</a><br>
Brent Abbott, <span class="SpellE">NA7D</span>, Chief Revenue Officer , Rogue Space<br>
0:00:45<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">[ANS thanks AMSAT for the above information.]<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
<hr size="0" width="100%" align="center">
</span></font></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="4" color="#215f9a" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#215F9A;font-weight:bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="4" color="#215f9a" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#215F9A;font-weight:bold">Back to Basics: What is the CubeSat Launch Initiative?<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">(Editor's note: In this avocation, we sometimes toss around acronyms or titles with scant understanding of what they stand for. From time to time, ANS will offer short articles
that can help up better understand the vocabulary of amateur satellites.)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">The CubeSat Launch Initiative, or
<span class="SpellE">CSLI</span>, is a NASA initiative that provides opportunities for qualified CubeSats to fly as auxiliary payloads on future launches that have excess capacity or as deployments from the International Space Station (ISS). In very simple
terms that means that NASA will cover the cost of providing a CubeSat a ride to space in exchange for a report on the results of that CubeSat's investigation.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-ligatures:none;mso-no-proof:yes"><img border="0" width="235" height="188" id="Picture_x0020_21" src="cid:image004.png@01DB2D34.86D00290"></span></font><font size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">NASA’s CubeSat Launch Initiative provides opportunities for CubeSats built by U.S. educational institutions, and non-profit organizations, including informal educational institutions
such as museums and science centers to fly on upcoming launches. Through innovative technology partnerships NASA provides these CubeSat developers a low cost pathway to conduct scientific investigations and technology demonstrations in space, thus enabling
students, teachers, and faculty to obtain hands-on flight hardware design, development, and build experience.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="SpellE"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">CSLI</span></font></span> provides a low-cost platform for NASA science missions, including planetary exploration, Earth observation, and fundamental Earth
and space science. These efforts are a cornerstone in the development of cutting-edge NASA enabling technologies including laser communications, next generation avionics approaches, power generation, distributive sensor systems, satellite-to-satellite communications,
and autonomous movement. Leveraging these missions for collaboration optimizes NASA’s technology investments, fosters open innovation, and facilitates technology infusion. CubeSat missions are enabling the acceleration of flight-qualified technology assistance
in raising Technology Readiness Levels, which aligns to NASA’s objective of advancing the Nation’s capabilities by maturing cross-cutting innovative space technologies.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">About half of all
<span class="SpellE">CSLI</span> missions are conducting scientific investigations, most frequently Space Weather and Earth Science. Specific science investigation areas include: biological science, study of near Earth objects, climate change, snow/ice coverage,
orbital debris, planetary science, space-based astronomy, and <span class="SpellE">
heliophysics</span>. Sixty-six percent of all <span class="SpellE">CSLI</span> missions are conducting technology development or demonstrations. Communications, propulsion, navigation and control, and radiation testing lead the topics in this area. Other notable
technologies are solar sails, additive manufacturing, <span class="SpellE">femtosatellites</span>, and smart phone satellites. The low cost of development for a CubeSat allows for conducting higher risk activities that would not be possible on large-scale
NASA missions.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">What is the difference between
<span class="SpellE">CSLI</span> and <span class="SpellE">ELaNa</span>?<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">NASA’s Launch Services Program manifests
<span class="SpellE">CSLI</span> payloads with a variety of launch providers. Each launch with manifested
<span class="SpellE">CSLI</span> payloads is called an <span class="SpellE">ELaNa</span> mission (Educational Launch of Nanosatellites) and is given an
<span class="SpellE">ELaNa</span> mission number (e.g., <span class="SpellE">ELaNa</span> 49,
<span class="SpellE">ELaNa</span> 50). Simply put, <span class="SpellE">CSLI</span> is the payload and
<span class="SpellE">ELaNa</span> is the ride.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">To be eligible for
<span class="SpellE">CSLI</span>, a CubeSat investigation must be of clear benefit to NASA by supporting at least one goal or objective stated in the NASA Strategic Plan. This plan can be found on NASA’s Web site
<a href="http://www.nasa.gov">http://www.nasa.gov</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">[ANS thanks NASA for the above information.]<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
<hr size="0" width="100%" align="center">
</span></font></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold">Need new satellite antennas?<br>
Purchase M2 LEO-Packs from the AMSAT Store.<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-ligatures:none;mso-no-proof:yes"><img border="0" width="300" height="298" id="Picture_x0020_16" src="cid:image005.png@01DB2D34.86D00290"></span></font><font size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold">When you purchase through AMSAT, a portion of the proceeds goes towards<br>
Keeping Amateur Radio in Space.<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><a href="https://amsat.org/product-category/hardware/"><b><span style="font-weight:bold">https://amsat.org/product-category/hardware/</span></b></a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
<hr size="0" width="100%" align="center">
</span></font></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="SpellE"><b><font size="4" color="#215f9a" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#215F9A;font-weight:bold">VUCC</span></font></b></span><b><font size="4" color="#215f9a"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#215F9A;font-weight:bold">
Satellite Award/Endorsement Change Summary for October 1, 2024 to November 1, 2024.<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="SpellE"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">DF2ET</span></font></span> 1500 1602<br>
<span class="SpellE">KF7R</span> 1154 1175<br>
<span class="SpellE">HB9AOF</span> 743 907<br>
<span class="SpellE">W8LR</span> 887 888<br>
<span class="SpellE">IK3ITB</span> 604 800<br>
<span class="SpellE">N7ZO</span> 650 669<br>
<span class="SpellE">N6UTC</span> 600 651<br>
<span class="SpellE">F6GLJ</span> 501 609<br>
<span class="SpellE">JA1GZK</span> 500 575<br>
<span class="SpellE">HB9GWJ</span> 514 553<br>
<span class="SpellE">DJ7NT</span> 348 432<br>
<span class="SpellE">SP5ULN</span> 156 404<br>
<span class="SpellE">JF3MKC</span> 275 280<br>
<span class="SpellE">W6IA</span> 246 278<br>
<span class="SpellE">WA3YDZ</span> New 271<br>
<span class="SpellE">IC8TEM</span> New 147<br>
<span class="SpellE">YB1RQX</span>/P New 100<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Congratulations to the new
<span class="SpellE">VUCC</span> Satellite holders.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><br>
<span class="SpellE">YB1RQX</span> is first <span class="SpellE">VUCC</span> Satellite holder from
<span class="SpellE">OJ21</span><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">DXCC Satellite has still not been updated since May<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">[ANS thanks Jon Goering,
<span class="SpellE">N7AZ</span> for the above information.]<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
<hr size="0" width="100%" align="center">
</span></font></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="4" color="#215f9a" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#215F9A;font-weight:bold">FO-29 November Operating Schedule<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">FO-29 will be turned on at the following times in November and will remain active following each activation until the satellite’s under-voltage control (UVC) disables the transmitter.
The estimated time (UTC) to turn on the analog transmitter are as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">2nd 02:10 ~<br>
3rd 03:00 ~<br>
4th 02:05 ~<br>
9th 02:45 ~<br>
10th 01:50 ~<br>
16th 01:35 ~<br>
17th 02:24 ~<br>
23rd 02:09 ~<br>
24th 01:15 ~<br>
30th 02:43 ~<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">[ANS thanks
<span class="SpellE">JAMSAT</span> for the above information.]<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
<hr size="0" width="100%" align="center">
</span></font></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="4" color="#215f9a" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#215F9A;font-weight:bold">Telemetry Reports Wanted for Upcoming
<span class="SpellE">ASRTU</span>-1 Satellite Launch<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">The
<span class="SpellE">LilacSat</span> team is seeking for first day telemetry reception stations all over the world, especially in Europe and Africa.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="SpellE"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">ASRTU</span></font></span>-1 (<span class="SpellE">BJ2CR</span> /
<span class="SpellE">RS64S</span>) satellite is planned for a Soyuz <span class="SpellE">
2.1b</span> launch from Vostochny Cosmodrome. Separation is expected on November 5, 2024 at approximately 03:36 UTC.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-ligatures:none;mso-no-proof:yes"><img border="0" width="150" height="150" id="Picture_x0020_15" src="cid:image006.png@01DB2D34.86D00290"></span></font><font size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">The satellite carries a V/U FM repeater, UHF
<span class="SpellE">SSDV</span> and <span class="SpellE">10G</span> hi-res image downlink.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">The telemetry downlink frequency is 435.400 MHz,
<span class="SpellE">9600bd</span> <span class="SpellE">BPSK</span>. A <span class="SpellE">
SDR</span> dongle or a rig that supports bandwidth > <span class="SpellE">12kHz</span> IF output (e.g. IC-705 or IC-9700) is required.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="SpellE"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">LiveCD</span></font></span> for decode can be found at
<a href="https://tinyurl.com/ANS-308-ASRTU-1">https://tinyurl.com/ANS-308-ASRTU-1</a>.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">The preliminary TLE is shown below:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="SpellE"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">ASRTU</span></font></span>-1<br>
1 <span class="SpellE">00000U</span> <span class="SpellE">24001A</span> 24310.15069444 .00000000 00000-0 00000-0 0 00014<br>
2 00000 097.3998 174.6627 0017604 130.9343 144.0104 15.26720093000011<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">A special QSL card is planned for first day telemetry reports.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Follow the project at:<br>
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/530294498525868/?multi_permalinks=913084726913508&hoisted_section_header_type=recently_seen">https://www.facebook.com/groups/530294498525868/?multi_permalinks=913084726913508&hoisted_section_header_type=recently_seen</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">[ANS thanks Drew Glasbrenner,
<span class="SpellE">KO4MA</span>, AMSAT VP - Operations for the above information.]<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
<hr size="0" width="100%" align="center">
</span></font></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="4" color="#215f9a" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#215F9A;font-weight:bold">Voyager 1 Resorts to Transmitter that Hasn't Been Used Since 1981<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Following recent communication issues, NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft resorted to using a backup radio transmitter that has been inactive since 1981.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">The interstellar explorer experienced a brief pause in communications after putting itself in a protective state to conserve power. This was triggered by a command sent on Oct.
16 instructing the spacecraft to turn on one of its heaters.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-ligatures:none;mso-no-proof:yes"><img border="0" width="332" height="190" id="Picture_x0020_22" src="cid:image007.png@01DB2D34.86D00290"></span></font><font size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">The mission's flight team first realized there was an issue with Voyager 1 on Oct. 18, when the spacecraft failed to respond to that command. The team later discovered that the
spacecraft had turned off its primary X-band radio transmitter and instead switched over to its secondary S-band radio transmitter, which uses less power, according to a statement from NASA. The transmitter shut-off seems to have been prompted by the spacecraft's
fault protection system, which autonomously responds to onboard issues.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">The spacecraft's fault protection system switched to the S-band radio transmitter, which, prior to that date, hadn't been used since 1981. Given the spacecraft is located much farther
away in interstellar space today than it was 43 years ago, the flight team was not sure a signal on the S-band frequency could be detected — especially because it transmits a significantly fainter signal while using less power.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">A command was sent to the S-band transmitter on Oct. 22. Two days later, on Oct. 24, the team was finally able to reconnect with Voyager 1.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Voyager 1, which launched in 1977. Its time in deep space has taken a toll on its instruments and caused an increasing number of technical issues. Earlier this year, the team had
to fix a separate communications glitch that was causing the spacecraft to transmit gibberish. Read the complete story at
<a href="https://tinyurl.com/ANS-308-Voyager">https://tinyurl.com/ANS-308-Voyager</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">[ANS thanks Space.com for the above information.]<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
<hr size="0" width="100%" align="center">
</span></font></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Aptos;mso-fareast-font-family:Aptos;mso-hansi-font-family:Aptos;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";font-weight:bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold">Want to fly the colors on your own grid expedition?<br>
Get your AMSAT car flag and other neat stuff from our Zazzle store!<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-ligatures:none;mso-no-proof:yes"><img border="0" width="300" height="235" id="Picture_x0020_13" src="cid:image008.png@01DB2D34.86D00290"></span></font><font size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold">25% of the purchase price of each product goes towards<br>
Keeping Amateur Radio in Space<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><a href="https://www.zazzle.com/amsat_gear"><b><span style="font-weight:bold">https://www.zazzle.com/amsat_gear</span></b></a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
<hr size="0" width="100%" align="center">
</span></font></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="4" color="#0e2841" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#215F9A;mso-style-textfill-fill-color:#215F9A;mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha:100.0%;font-weight:bold"><font color="black"><span style="color:windowtext">Changes
to AMSAT TLE Distribution for November 1, 2024<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Two Line Elements or TLEs, often referred to as Keplerian elements or
<span class="SpellE">keps</span> in the amateur community, are the inputs to the <span class="SpellE">
SGP4</span> standard mathematical model of spacecraft orbits used by most amateur tracking programs. Weekly updates are completely adequate for most amateur satellites. TLE bulletin files are updated daily in the first hour of the UTC day. New bulletin files
will be posted immediately after reliable elements become available for new amateur satellites. More information may be found at
<a href="https://www.amsat.org/keplerian-elements-resources/">https://www.amsat.org/keplerian-elements-resources/</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">The following satellites have been removed from this week's AMSAT TLE distribution:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">UVSQ-SAT NORAD Cat ID 43758 Decayed from orbit on or about 26 October 2024<br>
TianYi 6 NORAD Cat ID 43158 Decayed from orbit on or about 18 October 2024<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">[ANS thanks Joe Fitzgerald, KM1P, AMSAT Orbital Elements Manager, for the above information.]<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
<hr size="0" width="100%" align="center">
</span></font></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="4" color="#215f9a" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#215F9A;font-weight:bold">ARISS NEWS<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Amateurs and others around the world may listen in on contacts between amateurs operating in schools and allowing students to interact with astronauts and cosmonauts aboard the
International Space Station. The downlink frequency on which to listen is 145.800 MHz worldwide.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-ligatures:none;mso-no-proof:yes"><img border="0" width="300" height="81" id="Picture_x0020_12" src="cid:image009.png@01DB2D34.86D00290" alt="ARISS News"></span></font><font size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold">Upcoming Contacts<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Instituto Privado
<span class="SpellE">Rivadavia</span>, <span class="SpellE">Alderetes</span>, Tucuman, Argentina, direct via
<span class="SpellE">LU5KHF</span>.<br>
The ISS callsign is presently scheduled to be <span class="SpellE">NA1SS</span><br>
The scheduled crewmember is Sunita Williams, <span class="SpellE">KD5PLB</span>.<br>
The ARISS mentor is Brian Jackson, <span class="SpellE">VE6JBJ</span>.<br>
Contact is go for Monday, November 4, 2024 at 13:02 UTC.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="SpellE"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Scuola</span></font></span> Primaria “Bandello”, Castelnuovo
<span class="SpellE">Scrivia</span>, Italy, telebridge via <span class="SpellE">VK6MJ</span>.<br>
The ISS callsign is presently scheduled to be <span class="SpellE">NA1SS</span>.<br>
The scheduled crewmember is Sunita Williams, <span class="SpellE">KD5PLB</span>.<br>
The ARISS mentor is Ferrario Gianpietro, <span class="SpellE">IZ2GOJ</span>.<br>
Contact is go for Thursday, November 7, 2024 at 07:56 UTC.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold">Completed Contacts<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Coastal Community School, Satellite Beach, FL, direct via
<span class="SpellE">KD4GPI</span>.<br>
The ISS callsign was <span class="SpellE">NA1SS</span>.<br>
The crewmember ass Sunita Williams, <span class="SpellE">KD5PLB</span>.<br>
The ARISS mentor was Charlie Sufana, <span class="SpellE">AJ9N</span>.<br>
Contact was successful on Wednesday, October 30, 2024 at 13:42 UTC.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Colegio
<span class="SpellE">Parroquial</span> <span class="SpellE">el</span> Salvador, Yerba Buena, Argentina, direct via
<span class="SpellE">LU5KHF</span>.<br>
The ISS <span class="SpellE">callsignwas</span> <span class="SpellE">NA1SS</span>.<br>
The crewmember was Don Pettit, <span class="SpellE">KD5MDT</span><br>
The ARISS mentor was Brian Jackson, <span class="SpellE">VE6JBJ</span>.<br>
Contact was successful on Wednesday, October 30, 2024 at 15:32 UTC.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">The crossband repeater continues to be active (145.990 MHz up {PL 67} & 437.800 MHz down). If any crewmember is so inclined, all they have to do is pick up the microphone, raise
the volume up, and talk on the crossband repeater. So give a listen, you just never know.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">The packet system is also active (145.825 MHz up & down).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">As always, if there is an EVA, a docking, or an undocking; the ARISS radios are turned off as part of the safety protocol.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Note, all times are approximate. It is recommended that you do your own orbital prediction or start listening about 10 minutes before the listed time.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">The latest information on the operation mode can be found at
<a href="https://www.ariss.org/current-status-of-iss-stations.html">https://www.ariss.org/current-status-of-iss-stations.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">The latest list of frequencies in use can be found at
<a href="https://www.ariss.org/contact-the-iss.html">https://www.ariss.org/contact-the-iss.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">[ANS thanks Charlie Sufana,
<span class="SpellE">AJ9N</span>, one of the ARISS operation team mentors for the above information.]<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
<hr size="0" width="100%" align="center">
</span></font></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="4" color="#215f9a" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#215F9A;font-weight:bold">Upcoming Satellite Operations<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">There are no operations listed.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">A growing number of satellite rovers are currently engaged in sharing their grid square activations on
<a href="https://hams.at">https://hams.at</a>. By visiting the website, you gain easy access to comprehensive information about the operators responsible for activating specific grid squares. Additionally, you have the ability to assess the match score between
yourself and a particular rover for a given pass, while also being able to identify the upcoming satellite passes that are accessible from your location.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">[ANS thanks Ian Parsons,
<span class="SpellE">K5ZM</span>, AMSAT Rover Page Manager, and Alex Ners, <span class="SpellE">
K6VHF</span>, for the above information.]<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="4" color="#215f9a" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#215F9A;font-weight:bold">AMSAT Ambassador Activities</span></font></b><b><font size="4"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-weight:bold"><o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">AMSAT Ambassadors provide presentations, demonstrate communicating through amateur satellites, and host information tables at club meetings, hamfests, conventions, maker faires,
and other events.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-ligatures:none;mso-no-proof:yes"><img border="0" width="300" height="245" id="Picture_x0020_11" src="cid:image010.jpg@01DB2D34.86D00290"></span></font><font size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold">November 9, 2024</span></font></b><br>
Oro Valley Amateur Radio Club<br>
Marana Middle School<br>
11285 West Grier Rd.<br>
Marana, AZ 85653<br>
<a href="https://www.tucsonhamradio.org/copy-of-hamfest-2022">https://www.tucsonhamradio.org/copy-of-hamfest-2022</a><br>
N1UW<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold">February 14-15, 2005</span></font></b><br>
Yuma Hamfest & ARRL Southwestern Division Convention<br>
Yuma County Fairgrounds<br>
<a href="https://www.yumahamfest.com/">https://www.yumahamfest.com/</a><br>
N1UW<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Interested in becoming an AMSAT Ambassador? AMSAT Ambassadors provide presentations, demonstrate communicating through amateur satellites, and host information tables at club meetings,
hamfests, conventions, maker faires, and other events. For more information go to:
<a href="https://www.amsat.org/ambassador/">https://www.amsat.org/ambassador/</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">[ANS thanks Bo Lowrey, W4FCL, Director – AMSAT Ambassador Program for the above information.]<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="4" color="#215f9a" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#215F9A;font-weight:bold">Satellite Shorts From All Over<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<ul style="margin-top:0in" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l4 level1 lfo6;tab-stops:list .5in"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">As millions of people around the world celebrate Diwali, the Hindu festival of lights, NASA astronaut Sunita Williams radioed
home a message of festive cheer. "I want to extend my warmest wishes for a Happy Diwali to everyone celebrating the festival of lights today at the White House and around the world," Williams said in a recent video message sent from the International Space
Station. Speaking from the ISS' window-filled cupola with Earth as her backdrop, Williams, who is an American with Indian heritage, spoke about her father's efforts to keep Indian culture alive after he migrated to the United States in 1957. She also touched
upon the symbolism of Diwali — the triumph of good over evil, light over darkness and hope over despair. "Diwali is a time of joy as goodness in the world prevails," she said. [ANS thanks Space.com for the above information.]<br style="mso-special-character:line-break">
<![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]><br style="mso-special-character:line-break">
<![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></font></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l4 level1 lfo6;tab-stops:list .5in"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">In a few years, as part of the Artemis Program, NASA will begin the creation of permanent infrastructure that will allow for
regular missions to the surface (once a year) and a sustained program of lunar exploration and development. In a recent NASA-supported study, a team of researchers at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign investigated a new method of sending spacecraft
to the Moon. It is known as “multimode propulsion,” a method that integrates a high-thrust chemical mode and a low-thrust electric mode – while using the same propellant. To break it down, a multimode thruster relies on a single chemical monopropellant – like
hydrazine or Advanced Spacecraft Energetic Non-Toxic (ASCENT) propellant – to power chemical thrusters and an electrospray thruster (aka. colloid thruster). The latter element relies on a process known as electrospray ionization (ESI), where charged liquid
droplets are produced and accelerated by a static electric field. Electrospray thrusters were first used in space aboard the ESA’s LISA Pathfinder mission to demonstrate disturbance reduction. By developing a system that can switch as needed, satellites will
be able to perform propulsive <span class="SpellE">manuevers</span> using less propellant, thus requiring fewer fuel transfers. Read the complete story at
<a href="https://tinyurl.com/ANS-308-Propulsion">https://tinyurl.com/ANS-308-Propulsion</a>. [ANS thanks UniverseToday.com for the above information.]<br style="mso-special-character:line-break">
<![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]><br style="mso-special-character:line-break">
<![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></font></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l4 level1 lfo6;tab-stops:list .5in"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Has orbital debris gone out of control? In 1978, NASA scientists Donald J. Kessler and Burton G. Cour-Palais proposed a scenario
where the density of objects in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) would be high enough that collisions between objects would cause a cascade effect. In short, these collisions would create debris that would result in more collisions, more debris, and so on. This came
to be known as the Kessler Syndrome, something astronomers, scientists, and space environmentalists have feared for many decades. In recent years, and with the deployment of more satellites than ever, the warning signs have become undeniable. Currently, there
is an estimated 13,000 metric tons (14,330 US tons) of “space junk” in LEO. With the breakup and another satellite in orbit – the Intelsat
<span class="SpellE">33e</span> satellite – the situation will only get worse. Read the full report at
<a href="https://tinyurl.com/ANS-208-Debris">https://tinyurl.com/ANS-208-Debris</a>. [ANS thanks UniverseToday.com for the above information.]<br style="mso-special-character:line-break">
<![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]><br style="mso-special-character:line-break">
<![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></font></li></ul>
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<hr size="0" width="100%" align="center">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold"><br>
</span></font></b><b><font size="4" color="#215f9a"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#215F9A;font-weight:bold">Join AMSAT Today at
</span></font></b><a href="https://launch.amsat.org/"><b><font size="4" color="#215f9a"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#215F9A;font-weight:bold">https://launch.amsat.org/</span></font></b></a><font size="4"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><br style="mso-special-character:line-break">
<![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]><br style="mso-special-character:line-break">
<![endif]><b><span style="font-weight:bold"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">In addition to regular membership, AMSAT offers membership to:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<ul style="margin-top:0in" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l3 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list .5in"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Societies (a recognized group, clubs or organization).<o:p></o:p></span></font></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l3 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list .5in"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Primary and secondary school students are eligible for membership at one-half the standard yearly rate.<o:p></o:p></span></font></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l3 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list .5in"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Post-secondary school students enrolled in at least half time status shall be eligible for the student rate for a maximum of
6 post-secondary years in this status.<o:p></o:p></span></font></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l3 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list .5in"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Memberships are available for annual and lifetime terms.<o:p></o:p></span></font></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Contact info [at] amsat [dot] org for additional membership information.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">73 and remember to help Keep Amateur Radio in Space!<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">This week's ANS Editor, Frank Karnauskas, N1UW<br>
<span class="SpellE">f.karnauskas</span> [at] amsat [dot] org<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Aptos"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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